Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

Tests4~weeks ago~Updated LetsHosting
4.8K 0
Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

This test is in the Hetzner Ashburn Shared vCPU VPS Server, which is Ideal for individual applications, distributed systems, dynamic clusters, or development environments. It is powered by an AMD EPYC Processor. 4 CPU Cores/8 GB RAM/160 GB SSD Storage/20 TB Traffic Out/1x IPv4 and 1x IPv6.

Handle even your most resource-intensive projects with ease. Hetzner cloud servers in Germany and Finland are in their state-of-the-art data centers. They also provide powerful cloud servers in the USA at partner data centers. You get best-in-class performance with Ampere® Altra®, AMD EPYC™ 2nd Gen, Intel® Xeon® Gold processors, and speedy NVMe SSDs.

Official Website: https://www.hetzner.com

About Hetzner

Hetzner Online is a web hosting company from Germany, started in 1997 by Martin Hetzner. They target individual users and businesses, offering services like shared hosting, managed servers, cloud services, VPS, dedicated servers, domain names, colocation, and custom solutions on demand. They even have a server auction site for renting dedicated servers that are a bit older.

Hetzner has data centers in Nuremberg, Falkenstein in Germany, and Helsinki in Finland, powered entirely by green energy. You can access their website in English, German, and Russian.

There are two options for cloud servers at Hetzner: Shared vCPU and Dedicated vCPU. Shared vCPU servers work well for single applications or development projects, while Dedicated vCPU servers, with their dedicated CPU resources, are better for heavy-duty tasks or research.

Hetzner’s pricing is fair, offering many features, including free SSL certificates with all plans. However, they don’t have a website builder, and their data centers are limited to Finland and Germany.

Basic Bench

 CPU Model          : AMD EPYC Processor
 CPU Cores          : 4 @ 2445.406 MHz
 CPU Cache          : 512 KB
 AES-NI             : Enabled
 VM-x/AMD-V         : Disabled
 Total Disk         : 150.2 GB (1.1 GB Used)
 Total Mem          : 7.6 GB (86.7 MB Used)
 System uptime      : 0 days, 0 hour 17 min
 Load average       : 0.10, 0.19, 0.10
 OS                 : Debian GNU/Linux 11
 Arch               : x86_64 (64 Bit)
 Kernel             : 5.10.0-21-amd64
 TCP CC             : bbr
 Virtualization     : KVM
 Region             : No ISP detected
----------------------------------------------------------------------
 I/O Speed(1st run) : 1.2 GB/s
 I/O Speed(2nd run) : 1.3 GB/s
 I/O Speed(3rd run) : 1.4 GB/s
 I/O Speed(average) : 1331.2 MB/s
----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Node Name        Upload Speed      Download Speed      Latency     
 Speedtest.net    4896.82 Mbps      17258.83 Mbps       0.41 ms     
 Los Angeles, US  1214.65 Mbps      5219.15 Mbps        68.29 ms    
 Dallas, US       2210.37 Mbps      10531.45 Mbps       36.58 ms    
 Montreal, CA     918.02 Mbps       926.31 Mbps         17.47 ms    
 Paris, FR        1033.45 Mbps      8671.52 Mbps        78.86 ms    
 Amsterdam, NL    895.39 Mbps       6352.21 Mbps        94.50 ms    
 Shanghai, CN     306.28 Mbps       2921.13 Mbps        252.07 ms   
 Nanjing, CN      384.67 Mbps       1716.41 Mbps        206.72 ms   
 Guangzhou, CN    138.66 Mbps       734.18 Mbps         226.91 ms   
 Hongkong, CN     5.27 Mbps         2.51 Mbps           216.59 ms   
 Singapore, SG    340.13 Mbps       455.98 Mbps         237.05 ms   
 Tokyo, JP        506.36 Mbps       2951.79 Mbps        166.06 ms   
----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Finished in        : 6 min 12 sec
 Timestamp          : 2023-05-29 03:07:25 UTC

Summarize

Very powerful hard disk IO read and write speed and network bandwidth.

Yabs Performance Bench

IPv6 Network Information:
---------------------------------
ISP        : Hetzner Online GmbH
ASN        : AS213230 Hetzner Online GmbH
Host       : Hetzner
Location   : Ashburn, Virginia (VA)
Country    : United States

fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 158.78 MB/s  (39.6k) | 1.60 GB/s    (25.1k)
Write      | 159.20 MB/s  (39.8k) | 1.61 GB/s    (25.2k)
Total      | 317.99 MB/s  (79.4k) | 3.22 GB/s    (50.3k)
           |                      |                     
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ---- 
Read       | 2.87 GB/s     (5.6k) | 3.61 GB/s     (3.5k)
Write      | 3.03 GB/s     (5.9k) | 3.85 GB/s     (3.7k)
Total      | 5.90 GB/s    (11.5k) | 7.46 GB/s     (7.2k)

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv4):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | busy            | 2.41 Gbits/sec  | 78.6 ms        
Scaleway        | Paris, FR (10G)           | busy            | busy            | 83.8 ms        
NovoServe       | North Holland, NL (40G)   | 2.03 Gbits/sec  | 2.07 Gbits/sec  | 90.5 ms        
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 1.08 Gbits/sec  | 992 Mbits/sec   | 173 ms         
Clouvider       | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 3.41 Gbits/sec  | 8.59 Gbits/sec  | 7.39 ms        
Clouvider       | Dallas, TX, US (10G)      | 5.45 Gbits/sec  | 5.47 Gbits/sec  | 35.4 ms        
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 2.99 Gbits/sec  | busy            | 58.3 ms        

iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv6):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping           
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 2.30 Gbits/sec  | 2.37 Gbits/sec  | 78.5 ms        
Scaleway        | Paris, FR (10G)           | 2.66 Gbits/sec  | 2.36 Gbits/sec  | 80.3 ms        
NovoServe       | North Holland, NL (40G)   | 1.97 Gbits/sec  | 1.99 Gbits/sec  | 90.2 ms        
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 905 Mbits/sec   | 1.02 Gbits/sec  | 173 ms         
Clouvider       | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 8.56 Gbits/sec  | 8.38 Gbits/sec  | 7.21 ms        
Clouvider       | Dallas, TX, US (10G)      | 5.35 Gbits/sec  | 5.39 Gbits/sec  | 35.3 ms        
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 3.29 Gbits/sec  | 3.31 Gbits/sec  | 58.1 ms        

Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value                         
                |                               
Single Core     | 1239                          
Multi Core      | 4014                          
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/1413000

YABS completed in 11 min 37 sec

Summarize

Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

Global Node Test

 ## CDN Speedtest

 CacheFly : 628.93 MiB/s | 5031.45 Mbps  | ping   0.520ms
 Gdrive   : 132.80 MiB/s | 1062.42 Mbps  | ping   1.893ms


 ## North America Speedtest

 Softlayer, Washington, USA : 295.91 MiB/s | 2367.24 Mbps  | ping   1.367ms
 SoftLayer, San Jose, USA   :   6.39 MiB/s |   51.10 Mbps  | ping  62.814ms
 SoftLayer, Dallas, USA     :       0 B/s |      N/A       | ping error!
 Vultr, New Jersey, USA     :  54.50 MiB/s |  435.97 Mbps  | ping   5.800ms
 Vultr, Seattle, USA        :  24.51 MiB/s |  196.06 Mbps  | ping  64.278ms
 Vultr, Dallas, USA         :  66.58 MiB/s |  532.62 Mbps  | ping  35.490ms
 Vultr, Los Angeles, USA    :  37.84 MiB/s |  302.69 Mbps  | ping  58.300ms
 Ramnode, New York, USA     :  96.53 MiB/s |  772.21 Mbps  | ping   8.157ms
 Ramnode, Atlanta, USA      :  94.52 MiB/s |  756.13 Mbps  | ping  13.148ms
 OVH, Beauharnois, Canada   :ping: bhs.proof.ovh.net: Name or service not known
       0 B/s |      N/A       | ping error!


 ## Europe Speedtest

 Vultr, London, UK            :  29.45 MiB/s |  235.57 Mbps  | ping  77.118ms
 LeaseWeb, Frankfurt, Germany :  23.85 MiB/s |  190.78 Mbps  | ping  89.144ms
 Hetzner, Germany             :  21.52 MiB/s |  172.14 Mbps  | ping  96.488ms
 Ramnode, Alblasserdam, NL    :  28.08 MiB/s |  224.66 Mbps  | ping  83.251ms
 Vultr, Amsterdam, NL         :  25.51 MiB/s |  204.08 Mbps  | ping  85.712ms
 EDIS, Stockholm, Sweden      :     481 B/s |      N/A       | ping 102.538ms
 OVH, Roubaix, France         :     537 B/s |      N/A       | ping  82.819ms
 Online, France               :  26.50 MiB/s |  211.99 Mbps  | ping  83.819ms
 Prometeus, Milan, Italy      :     352 B/s |      N/A       | ping 130.094ms


 ## Exotic Speedtest

 Sydney, Australia     :   7.91 MiB/s |   63.27 Mbps  | ping 200.690ms
 Lagoon, New Caledonia :     277 B/s |      N/A       | ping 236.815ms
 Hosteasy, Moldova     :  11.71 MiB/s |   93.66 Mbps  | ping 122.614ms
 Prima, Argentina      : 653.39 KiB/s |    5.10 Mbps  | ping error!


 ## Asia Speedtest

 SoftLayer, Singapore : 763.19 KiB/s |    5.96 Mbps  | ping 209.550ms
 Linode, Tokyo, Japan :  10.39 MiB/s |   83.09 Mbps  | ping 166.333ms
 Linode, Singapore    :   5.93 MiB/s |   47.41 Mbps  | ping 228.874ms
 Vultr, Tokyo, Japan  :  11.44 MiB/s |   91.52 Mbps  | ping 159.486ms


 Benchmark finished in 108 seconds

Media Unlock Test

============[ Multination ]============
 Dazn:                                  No
 HotStar:                               No
 Disney+:                               No
 Netflix:                               Yes (Region: US)
 YouTube Premium:                       Yes
 Amazon Prime Video:                    Yes (Region: US)
 TVBAnywhere+:                          Yes
 iQyi Oversea Region:                   US
 Viu.com:                               No
 YouTube CDN:                           Washington DC 
 Netflix Preferred CDN:                 Washington DC  
 Steam Currency:                        USD
 ChatGPT:                               Yes
=======================================
==============[ Taiwan ]===============
 KKTV:                                  No
 LiTV:                                  Failed
 MyVideo:                               No
 4GTV.TV:                               No
 LineTV.TW:                             No
 Hami Video:                            No
 CatchPlay+:                            No
 HBO GO Asia:                           No
 Bahamut Anime:                         Failed (Network Connection)
 Bilibili Taiwan Only:                  No
=======================================
=============[ Hong Kong ]=============
 Now E:                                 Failed (Unexpected Result: )
 Viu.TV:                                No
 MyTVSuper:                             No
 HBO GO Asia:                           No
 BiliBili Hongkong/Macau/Taiwan:        No
=======================================
===============[ Japan ]===============
 DMM:                                   Yes
 DMM TV:                                Unsupported
 Abema.TV:                              No
 Niconico:                              No
 music.jp:                              No
 Telasa:                                Yes
 Paravi:                                No
 U-NEXT:                                No
 Hulu Japan:                            No
 TVer:                                  Yes
 GYAO!:                                 Yes
 WOWOW:                                 No
 VideoMarket:                           Failed (Unexpected Result: 404)
 FOD(Fuji TV):                          No
 Radiko:                                No
 Karaoke@DAM:                           No
 J:com On Demand:                       No
 ---Game---
 Kancolle Japan:                        No
 Pretty Derby Japan:                    Yes
 Konosuba Fantastic Days:               No
 Princess Connect Re:Dive Japan:        No
 World Flipper Japan:                   Yes
 Project Sekai: Colorful Stage:         No
=======================================
===========[ North America ]===========
 FOX:                                   Yes
 Hulu:                                  Failed
 NFL+:                                  Yes
 ESPN+:[Sponsored by Jam]               No
 Epix:                                  No
 Starz:                                 No
 Philo:                                 Yes
 FXNOW:                                 Yes
 TLC GO:                                Yes
 HBO Max:                               Yes
 Shudder:                               Yes
 BritBox:                               Yes
 Crackle:                               Yes
 CW TV:                                 Yes
 A&E TV:                                No
 NBA TV:                                Yes
 NBC TV:                                Yes
 Fubo TV:                               No
 Tubi TV:                               Yes
 Sling TV:                              Yes
 Pluto TV:                              Yes
 Acorn TV:                              Yes
 SHOWTIME:                              Yes
 encoreTVB:                             Yes
 Funimation:                            Yes (Region: US)
 Discovery+:                            Yes
 Paramount+:                            Yes
 Peacock TV:                            Yes
 Popcornflix:                           Yes
 Crunchyroll:                           Yes
 Directv Stream:                        No
 KBS American:                          No
 KOCOWA:                                Yes
 Maths Spot:                            Failed (Network Connection)
 ---CA---
 CBC Gem:                               No
 Crave:                                 Yes
=======================================
===========[ South America ]===========
 Star+:                                 No
 HBO Max:                               Yes
 DirecTV Go:                            Yes (Region: REGISTRARSE)
 Funimation:                            Yes (Region: US)
=======================================
===============[ Europe ]==============
 Rakuten TV:                            Yes
 Funimation:                            Yes (Region: US)
 SkyShowTime:                           No
 HBO Max:                               Yes
 Maths Spot:                            Failed (Network Connection)
 ---GB---
 Sky Go:                                No
 BritBox:                               Yes
 ITV Hub:                               No
 Channel 4:                             No
 Channel 5:                             No
 BBC iPLAYER:                           No
 Discovery+ UK:                         No
 ---FR---
 Salto:                                 Failed (Network Connection)
 Canal+:                                No
 Molotov:                               No
 ---DE---
 Joyn:                                  No
 Sky:                                   No
 ZDF:                                   No
 ---NL---
 NLZIET:                                Failed
 videoland:                             Failed (Network Connection)
 NPO Start Plus:                        No
 ---ES---
 PANTAYA:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 ---IT---
 Rai Play:                              Yes
 ---RU---
 Amediateka:                            Yes
=======================================
==============[ Oceania ]==============
 NBA TV:                                Yes
 Acorn TV:                              Yes
 SHOWTIME:                              Yes
 BritBox:                               Yes
 Funimation:                            Yes (Region: US)
 Paramount+:                            Yes
 ---AU---
 Stan:                                  Yes
 Binge:                                 Yes
 Docplay:                               No
 7plus:                                 No
 Channel 9:                             No
 Channel 10:                            No
 ABC iView:                             No
 Kayo Sports:                           No
 Optus Sports:                          No
 SBS on Demand:                         No
 ---NZ---
 Neon TV:                               Yes
 SkyGo NZ:                              No
 ThreeNow:                              No
 Maori TV:                              Yes
=======================================
==============[ Korean ]===============
 Wavve:                                 No
 Tving:                                 No
 Coupang Play:                          No
 Naver TV:                              No
 Afreeca TV:                            Failed (Network Connection)
 KBS Domestic:                          No
=======================================


 ** Checking Results Under IPv6 
--------------------------------
 ** Your Network Provider: Hetzner Online GmbH (2a01:4ff:f0:*:*) 


============[ Multination ]============
 Dazn:                                  Failed (Network Connection)
 HotStar:                               Yes (Region: US)
 Disney+:                               Yes (Region: US)
 Netflix:                               Originals Only
 YouTube Premium:                       Yes
 Amazon Prime Video:                    Unsupported
 TVBAnywhere+:                          Failed (Network Connection)
 iQyi Oversea Region:                   Failed
 Viu.com:                               Failed
 YouTube CDN:                           Washington DC 
 Netflix Preferred CDN:                 Miami, FL  
 Spotify Registration:                  No
 Steam Currency:                        Failed (Network Connection)
 ChatGPT:                               Yes
=======================================
==============[ Taiwan ]===============
 KKTV:                                  No
 LiTV:                                  Failed (Network Connection)
 MyVideo:                               Yes
 4GTV.TV:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 LineTV.TW:                             Failed (Unexpected Result: )
 Hami Video:                            Failed (Network Connection)
 CatchPlay+:                            Failed
 HBO GO Asia:                           Failed (Network Connection)
 Bahamut Anime:                         Failed (Network Connection)
 Bilibili Taiwan Only:                  Failed (Network Connection)
=======================================
=============[ Hong Kong ]=============
 Now E:                                 Failed (Unexpected Result: )
 Viu.TV:                                Failed (Network Connection)
 MyTVSuper:                             No
 HBO GO Asia:                           Failed (Network Connection)
 BiliBili Hongkong/Macau/Taiwan:        Failed (Network Connection)
=======================================
===============[ Japan ]===============
 DMM:                                   Unsupported
 DMM TV:                                No
 Abema.TV:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 Niconico:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 music.jp:                              No
 Telasa:                                Failed (Network Connection)
 Paravi:                                Failed (Network Connection)
 U-NEXT:                                Failed (Network Connection)
 Hulu Japan:                            Yes
 TVer:                                  Failed (Network Connection)
 GYAO!:                                 IPv6 Not Supported
 WOWOW:                                 Failed
 VideoMarket:                           IPv6 Not Supported
 FOD(Fuji TV):                          No
 Radiko:                                Unsupported
 Karaoke@DAM:                           Failed (Network Connection)
 J:com On Demand:                       No
 ---Game---
 Kancolle Japan:                        No
 Pretty Derby Japan:                    Yes
 Konosuba Fantastic Days:               Failed (Network Connection)
 Princess Connect Re:Dive Japan:        Failed (Network Connection)
 World Flipper Japan:                   Yes
 Project Sekai: Colorful Stage:         Failed (Network Connection)
=======================================
===========[ North America ]===========
 FOX:                                   Yes
 Hulu:                                  Failed
 NFL+:                                  IPv6 Not Support
 ESPN+:[Sponsored by Jam]               Yes
 Epix:                                  Failed (Network Connection)
 Epix:                                  Failed
 Starz:                                 Failed (Network Connection)
 Philo:                                 IPv6 Not Support
 FXNOW:                                 IPv6 Not Support
 TLC GO:                                IPv6 Not Support
 HBO Max:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 Shudder:                               Yes
 BritBox:                               Yes
 Crackle:                               Yes
 CW TV:                                 Yes
 A&E TV:                                IPv6 Not Support
 NBA TV:                                Yes
 NBC TV:                                Yes
 Fubo TV:                               IPv6 Not Support
 Tubi TV:                               Yes
 Sling TV:                              Yes
 Pluto TV:                              Yes
 Acorn TV:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 SHOWTIME:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 encoreTVB:                             Failed (Network Connection)
 Funimation:                            IPv6 Not Support
 Discovery+:                            IPv6 Not Support
 Paramount+:                            Yes
 Peacock TV:                            Yes
 Popcornflix:                           IPv6 Not Support
 Crunchyroll:                           IPv6 Not Support
 Directv Stream:                        No
 KBS American:                          IPv6 Not Support
 KOCOWA:                                IPv6 Not Support
 Maths Spot:                            IPv6 Not Support
 ---CA---
 CBC Gem:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 Crave:                                 Failed (Network Connection)
=======================================
===========[ South America ]===========
 Star+:                                 CDN Relay Available
 HBO Max:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 DirecTV Go:                            Failed (Network Connection)
 Funimation:                            IPv6 Not Support
=======================================
===============[ Europe ]==============
 Rakuten TV:                            Failed (Network Connection)
 Funimation:                            IPv6 Not Support
 SkyShowTime:                           No
 HBO Max:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 Maths Spot:                            IPv6 Not Support
 ---GB---
 Sky Go:                                Failed (Network Connection)
 BritBox:                               Yes
 ITV Hub:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 Channel 4:                             Failed (Network Connection)
 Channel 5:                             IPv6 Not Support
 BBC iPLAYER:                           Failed
 Discovery+ UK:                         IPv6 Not Support
 ---FR---
 Salto:                                 Failed (Network Connection)
 Canal+:                                Failed (Network Connection)
 Molotov:                               No
 ---DE---
 Joyn:                                  Failed (Network Connection)
 Sky:                                   Failed (Network Connection)
 ZDF:                                   Failed (Network Connection)
 ---NL---
 NLZIET:                                Failed
 videoland:                             Failed (Network Connection)
 NPO Start Plus:                        Failed (Network Connection)
 ---ES---
 PANTAYA:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 ---IT---
 Rai Play:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 ---RU---
 Amediateka:                            Failed (Network Connection)
=======================================
==============[ Oceania ]==============
 NBA TV:                                Yes
 Acorn TV:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 SHOWTIME:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 BritBox:                               Yes
 Funimation:                            IPv6 Not Support
 Paramount+:                            Yes
 ---AU---
 Stan:                                  Yes
 Binge:                                 Failed (Unexpected Result: 302)
 Docplay:                               Yes
 7plus:                                 No
 Channel 9:                             No
 Channel 10:                            Failed (Network Connection)
 ABC iView:                             Yes
 Kayo Sports:                           Yes
 Optus Sports:                          No
 SBS on Demand:                         Failed (Network Connection)
 ---NZ---
 Neon TV:                               Yes
 SkyGo NZ:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 ThreeNow:                              Failed (Network Connection)
 Maori TV:                              Failed (Network Connection)
=======================================
==============[ Korean ]===============
 Wavve:                                 IPv6 Not Support
 Tving:                                 IPv6 Not Support
 Coupang Play:                          Yes
 Naver TV:                              IPv6 Not Support
 Afreeca TV:                            IPv6 Not Support
 KBS Domestic:                          IPv6 Not Support
=======================================
Testing Done!

Global Ping Test

Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

CloudFlare Internet Test

Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

PageSpeed Insights

Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

GTmetrix Performance

Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

Server Pricing

Hetzner United States Ashburn AMD EPYC Shared vCPU Cloud Server Test and Review

Official Website: https://www.hetzner.com

Coupon

Sign up today and receive €⁠20 in cloud credits. Click to Register

Conclusion

Hetzner cloud servers start at €4.51, offering flexible, scalable volumes with high-availability SSD block storage for €0.0524/GB per month. They also offer dedicated root servers starting at €44.39 and web hosting starting at €2.09.

No minimum contract period is required for their cloud servers, and if you have a Hetzner Cloud server for less than a month, you only pay the hour-based fee. They will invoice you for your Hetzner Cloud Server as long as it exists, even if you are not actively using it.

In conclusion, Hetzner is a reputable and reliable web hosting provider with various hosting products and a soft spot for environmental issues. If you’re looking for a feature-rich hosting solution in Germany, Finland, or the USA, the Hetzner cloud server might be your host.

Official Website: https://www.hetzner.com

Related Posts